AnnotatedBibliogr2 AnnotatedBibliogr2. Maryam Al Fulaiti Full bibliographic citation in the style appropriate

AnnotatedBibliogr2

AnnotatedBibliogr2. Maryam Al Fulaiti

Full bibliographic citation in the style appropriate for your professional field (e.g., MLA, APA, APSA, Chicago, CSE, IEEE, ASA, NLM, AMA).

Popp, D. (2003). Pollution control innovations and the clean air act of 1990. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 22(4), 641–660. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10159 

In text citation: (Popp, 2003)

Summary of the source content. (80-100 words—or more as needed)

The article investigates how technical innovation, particularly in flue gas desulfurization units (also known as “scrubbers”) for pollution management, is affected by market-based environmental policies. Before the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1990, rules mandated the installation of scrubbers in older plants, sparking technological advancements that decreased operating costs but did not increase environmental efficacy. Following the CAA, which created a market for permits to emit sulfur dioxide, research concentrated on improving the effectiveness of scrubber removal. According to the study, market-based methods may be more efficient and encourage environmentally friendly innovation.

Critical response: How this will fit with your research paper topic. (80-100 words—or more as needed)

My research paper topic is air pollution control, and the summary provided is directly relevant. The article discusses the use of flue gas desulfurization units (“scrubbers”) for air pollution control. The article compares market-based environmental policies and traditional command-and-control (CAC) regulations in promoting technological innovation for air pollution control. It emphasizes that market-based mechanisms, such as emissions fees or tradable pollution permits, have advantages in inducing innovation, leading to more environmentally friendly solutions. The 1990 Clean Air Act is mentioned as a significant policy shift that influenced the creation of scrubber technology. Since my research paper is about air pollution control, the results in this article will strengthen my argument.

Specific quotations, facts, data, etc. that you anticipate using in the research paper WITH page numbers from the source. If your source does not use page numbers or any other means of identifying placement, indicate “no page.”

Quotations: “Although FBC is not necessarily clean, it is easy to remove SO2 from a fluidized bed” page645

Facts: “The SO2 permit market established by the 1990 CAA pro- vided incentives to install scrubbers with higher removal efficiencies, and thus led to more R&D designed to improve the removal efficiency of scrubbers” page 658

Data: “Plant-level data indicate that the effect of these patents on pollution control changed after passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act, which instituted a market for sulfur dioxide (SO2) permits” page 641