Many companies build up their inventory levels to:Accommodate for uncertainties in demand; Take advantage of Essay

Many companies build up their inventory levels to:
Accommodate for uncertainties in demand; 
Take advantage of economies of scale; 
Accommodate for unreliable suppliers; 
Accommodate for quality issues; 
Accommodate for production and scheduling errors. 
Yet, JIT and Lean Manufacturing philosophies state that inventory is considered waste and should be eliminated as much as possible.
Please make a post which makes the case for building up inventory levels. 
Please make a second post which makes the case for using JIT