we will be using SPSS Statistical Software to describeour data. Now that we have the data set reflecting our class statistics, we will be using that for our SPSS and homework assignments. For today, you can choose any variable you are interested in that is appropriate for the type of statistic we are working with. **Downloador openthe class data file from Moodle and open it withSPSS.2a. First we’ll create a frequency table. Choose “analyze”, “descriptive statistics”, “frequencies”. 2b. Drag the variable you want to analyze from the left hand box to the right hand box. Click Ok. You will now have a frequency table show up in your output!What is the difference between the “percent” and “valid percent” columns? ____________________________________________How do we interpret “cumulative percent”? ______________________________________________________________________3a. Now we’ll create a histogram or a bar graph. Which type of chart do you need for your variable and why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3b. To create your graph, go back into “analyze”, “descriptive statistics”, “frequencies”. Click on the “charts” button, and choose the appropriate graph (histogram or bar graph). Click continue, and then ok. 3c. Now choose another variable that would be appropriate for the other kind of graph (histogram or bar graph). Goback into charts, and create the other type of graph. Show me your output with the graphs and table!3d. What differences do you notice between your histogram and your bar graph? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4a. Now we’ll find the measures of central tendencyfor avariable. We want to analyze the mean, median, and mode. What type of variable do you need to choose for this taskif you want all three measures? ____________________________________________If your current variable is already the correct type, you can stick with the same one. Otherwise choose one that will fit the criteria. Choose “analyze”, “descriptive statistics”, “frequencies”, again. Drag your variable over to the right hand box, and click “statistics”. Check off the boxes for mean, median, mode, andskewness.Choose continue, and ok.4b. What is the meanfor your variable? _________ 4c. What is the median? _________ 4d. What is the mode? ________4e. Explain why the mean, median, and modefor your variable are different or the same. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4f. Does your variable seem positively, negatively, or not skewed?_________________ What are threeways totell? ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________4g. Based on this, which of the measures of central tendency would be most appropriate to report? __________________________5a. Calculate the standard deviation of your variable. Choose “analyze”, “descriptive statistics”, “frequencies”, again. Drag your variable over to the right hand box, and click “statistics”. Check off the boxes for standard deviationandvariance.SD: ________________ Variance: ____________________
For problem 4.5, use the raw score method for a and b, and the deviation score method for c. Review your notes to be clear which is which! Remember that the choice of method is different than your choice of whether to compute s or s-hat. These calculations for 4.5 will all be ‘s’.