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High Cost Of Healthcare In The United States: Annotated Bibliography
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Clark, E., Fredricks, K., Woc-Colburn, L., Bottazzi, M. E., & Weatherhead, J. (2020). The disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(7), e0008484. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008484
The study compares the cost of Covid-19 diagnosis and management between American citizens and immigrants. The researchers noted that most immigrants lack healthcare coverage which has been covering for Covid-19 healthcare costs. As a result, most immigrants paid for Covid-19 diagnosis and management costs from their pockets. As a result, most immigrants can hardly afford healthcare costs related to Covid-19. The discrimination lowers the quality of life for immigrants who tried to save money to cater for Covid-19 emergencies. The study’s purpose was to understand and expose the impacts of Covid-19-related healthcare costs on vulnerable communities (Clark, Fredricks, Woc-Colburn, Bottazzi, & Weatherhead, 2020). The study specifically studied the immigrant populations as a community that pays federal and state taxes yet does not qualify for affordable private health insurance and government health funds such as Medicare and Medicaid.
The article is also recent as it was only published in 2020 and focuses on a contemporary and major global health crisis. The authors are professors at Baylor College of Medicine and specialize in infectious disease, thus having the credibility in writing on the topic of the Impact of Covid-19 and its costs on vulnerable communities. The article is also scholarly as it has been assigned a Digital Identification Number (DOI), only given to academic peer-reviewed articles. The final research paper focuses on the high cost of care as a healthcare concern. The report will contribute information on the cost of Covid-19 on a specific vulnerable American affiliation; the immigrants. The article will be used in the final paper to show the situation of healthcare expenses on uninsured members of the society who pay taxes and suggest a call for action on the disparity.
Hung, M., Lipsky, M. S., Moffat, R., Lauren, E., Hon, E. S., Park, J., Gill, G., Xu, J., Peralta, L., Cheever, J., Prince, D., Barton, T., Bayliss, N., Boyack, W., & Licari, F. W. (2020). Health and dental care expenditures in the United States from 1996 to 2016. PLOS ONE, 15(6), e0234459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234459
Hung et al. (2020) looked into the cost of dental health in the United States concerning 12 sub-groups in a longitudinal study that collected data from 2007 and 2008. The study also compared the cost of dental care with the same charge at the end of 2016. The study reported an average price of $245 per annum for every American between 2007 and 2008. However, the study also reported an annual average of $313 per American in 2016, representing a 22% increase in the average cost of dental care in the United States within eight years (Hung et al., 2020). The study aims to show the increasing price of dental health services in the United States with time. It also aimed at showing how the rising costs affect different subgroups of Americans.
The report was published in 2020, making it recent and capturing the problem of the cost of healthcare in the contemporary United States. The authors are also qualified to write on the topic. They are all professors in varied universities across the globe, including the University of Chicago, Boston University, and Roseman University, Southern Jordan, making the article credible. The report will contribute information on the increase in healthcare services, specifically dental health, as the main cost indicator. The study will also assist in the literature review section, which will show how healthcare costs lead to parity in healthcare services across groups.
Allin, S., Farmer, J., Quiñonez, C., Peckham, A., Marchildon, G., Panteli, D., Henschke, C., Fattore, G., Lamloum, D., Holden, A. C. L., & Rice, T. (2020). Do health systems cover the mouth? Comparing dental care coverage for older adults in eight jurisdictions. Health Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.06.015
Allin et al. (2019) looked into the cost of dental health to the elderly. The study noted a gap in health insurance coverage in dental health services in the United States for older adults. Compared to Australia, 65% of older adults have private dental health coverage; the United States only had 8% of the older adults with Medicare and Medicaid having personal dental health coverage. There was also a 27% of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries within the US older adults who had the dental coverage advantage with either government health funds. Therefore, according to the study, many older adults in America lack any form of healthcare coverage for dental health services. The purpose of the study was to show the gap in dental health coverage in older adults in the United States. The study also aimed at making recommendations to reduce the cost of dental care services to the elderly.
The article was only published in 2019, thus capturing healthcare coverage in contemporary American society. The report is also scholarly and peer-reviewed as it has Digital Identification Number (DOI). The authors are professors in dentistry departments from various Universities globally, including the University of California, Bocconi University, University of Toronto Canada, and Technische Universitat, Germany. The latter have high credibility in writing on healthcare costs related to dental care services. The final research paper will focus on the cost of care with a primary focus on the United States. The article will show one area that Medicare and Medicaid hardly cover unless the beneficiary has an advantage; increasing the cost of care to those who lack the benefit.
Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Lind, T., & Trask, E. V. (2019). Defining and Predicting High-Cost Utilization in Children’s Outpatient Mental Health Services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-019-00988-1
Dickson, Stadnick, Lind, and Trask (2019) investigated the cost of mental healthcare-related to children and youths. The study records some statistics from a survey that shows that youths and children qualify for high-cost mental health diagnostics. The study also noted a lower chance for youths and children receiving mental health services due to cost and a higher likelihood of benefiting from family therapies. The study aimed to investigate the mental health needs in children and youths. It also aimed to show the gap of mental health services in this vulnerable population due to high costs while making recommendations for scarce resources allocations to assist this vulnerable population.
The article was only published in 2019, thus capturing healthcare coverage in contemporary American society. The report is also credible as it has a Digital Identification Number (DOI) only assigned to peer-reviewed scholarly articles. The authors are qualified in child and adolescent research working as professors in the same areas at the University of California and CASRC San Diego. The final research paper will focus on the high cost of care in the United States, its impacts, and possible solutions. Dickson, Stadnick, Lind, and Trask’s (2019) article will provide insight on the depth of the issue of the high cost of health, focusing on the mental health of children and youths essential in the specific health areas and population subgroup focus in the literature review, and solutions recommendations.
Hajat, C., & Stein, E. (2018). The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: A narrative review. Preventive Medicine Reports, 12, 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.008
According to Hajat and Stein (2018), many studies associate multiple chronic conditions with the high cost of care. Some healthcare cost aspects for MCCs include heightened physician visits, medications, and hospitalization. Some high-cost elements for MCC patients include the total cost of care for all conditions the patient suffers from increased out-of-pocket costs. The price of medication which most private health insurance covers, Medicare and Medicaid do not cover, was also considerably high. The study suggests that MCC patients hardly receive quality care for chronic conditions. The study aimed at providing evidence of the available evidence on the high cost of maintaining multiple chronic conditions for individuals and families in the United States. The study also aimed at investigating the patient’s economic burden that MCC patients face in economies such as the United States, where the cost of care is relatively high.
The article is scholarly as it has a digital object identifier only assigned to academic papers. It is also recent and was only published in 2020, thus covering current concerns in the cost of healthcare in the contemporary United States. The study is also objective, and the authors are qualified health sciences professors at Yale University, making them credible to write on the cost of care. The final paper will focus on the high cost of care as a national concern in the United States. The article will provide essential literature on the concern’s situation within a specific population of patients, specifical patients with multiple chronic conditions.
References
Allin, S., Farmer, J., Quiñonez, C., Peckham, A., Marchildon, G., Panteli, D., Henschke, C., Fattore, G., Lamloum, D., Holden, A. C. L., & Rice, T. (2020). Do health systems cover the mouth? Comparing dental care coverage for older adults in eight jurisdictions. Health Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.06.015
Clark, E., Fredricks, K., Woc-Colburn, L., Bottazzi, M. E., & Weatherhead, J. (2020). Disproportionate Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(7), e0008484. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008484
Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Lind, T., & Trask, E. V. (2019). Defining and Predicting High-Cost Utilization in Children’s Outpatient Mental Health Services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-019-00988-1
Hajat, C., & Stein, E. (2018). The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: A narrative review. Preventive Medicine Reports, 12, 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.008
Hung, M., Lipsky, M. S., Moffat, R., Lauren, E., Hon, E. S., Park, J., Gill, G., Xu, J., Peralta, L., Cheever, J., Prince, D., Barton, T., Bayliss, N., Boyack, W., & Licari, F. W. (2020). Health and dental care expenditures in the United States from 1996 to 2016. PLOS ONE, 15(6), e0234459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234459