Damasco<\/p>\n
Damasco<\/p>\n
Rayni Damasco <\/p>\n
27 August 2022 <\/p>\n
CALIFORNIA HISTORY AND ITS INHABITANT<\/p>\n
Sexuality in California’s Franciscan missions<\/p>\n
The article “Sexuality in California’s Franciscan Missions” describes how the Franciscan Missionaries viewed sexuality, especially among the Native Americans who lived in California at the time. The writer’s goal was to expose the dark side of the missionaries’ interactions with the Indians and dispel any romantic notions about their legacy. Although the Franciscans are revered for the good, they did, the truth is that their effect on Native American culture was profoundly negative due to their efforts to control and regulate Native American sexuality. Many facets of the Franciscans’ influence on the Natives remain unclear. <\/p>\n
Marriage was a binding legal agreement for the tribe’s continued existence and harmonious intertribal connections. Additionally, in a transvestite subculture within Native American society, men act and dress as women to fulfil traditionally masculine responsibilities. The Natives did not see this as sexually transgressive and often married the berdache since they found them to be productive members of society. At the same time, the Spanish developed a dual sexual philosophy that drew on medieval tradition and religious teachings; both sought to regulate women’s sexuality while being lenient with men’s indiscretions. The Spanish colonists considered the berdache practice a terrible atrocity against nature. They did everything they could to end it, even if it meant torturing and degrading the berdache. Consequently, the missionaries spoke out against and sought to end the cruel practice of Spanish rape of Indian women, which posed a constant danger to the colonies and the missions by infuriating the local population.<\/p>\n
1491: the revelation of the Americas before Columbus<\/p>\n
We learn more about the history and importance of the people who lived in the Americas before the time of Columbus in 1491. Moreover, the pre-Columbian societies and tribes that populated and developed the Americas before European discovery came far earlier than previously thought were significantly more numerous and technologically advanced. Example: “Here, at once, we begin to comprehend the depth of the tragedy,” says Mann on the eradication of Native American culture: “because the breakdown of native America was a loss not merely to individual civilizations but the human project as a whole.” <\/p>\n
The article describes how the destruction of Native American communities at the hands of European colonizers deprived the globe of many cultures that had significantly contributed to physical development and the arts, sciences, and religions. Furthermore, cotton and maize explain the significance of various agricultural items for native cultures, some of which are surprising. For instance, standard theories of ancient society development do not account for the fact that fishing was so important in Peru, where cotton and maize were also important. As a result, the Native Americans’ arrival in the Americas would have occurred centuries earlier than previously thought for them to have had time to develop such sophisticated thought patterns. These pre-European cultures were numerous, pioneering, and technologically advanced. However, when they arrived, the European immigrants found fewer people living in these civilizations. The introduction of illnesses to which indigenous cultures lacked immunity precipitated a dramatic decline in their numbers. Diseases like smallpox and measles would spread ahead of conquering armies and adventuring groups.<\/p>\n
History of California<\/p>\n
At first, the Spanish hearing the word “California” assumed they had stumbled across a huge island; nevertheless, the term eventually came to refer to the peninsula on the west coast of modern-day Mexico. This region is now known as Baja California or Lower California. When Spanish explorers arrived on this stretch of North America’s Pacific Coast in the 16th century, the area was called after a fictitious island paradise portrayed in the 16th-century Spanish romance Las Serges de Esplandian. Not until they had already traveled quite far into the interior did the Spanish discover that “California” extended north to join the continent. At that point, they gave the territory the name Alta California.<\/p>\n
The region’s unusual, complex and demanding topography results from the interplay of several different geological factors. Like the state’s many different topographic areas, California has a wide range of climates. Moreover, extreme cold and snowfall are found on the highest mountain peaks. In contrast, coastal areas are moderate and temperate, valleys have large temperature swings and humidity varies greatly, and the desert is very dry and subject to extreme temperature swings. Places of great beauty, such as the geysers of Sonoma County and the majesty of Yosemite Valley, were fashioned by the same geologic processes that molded the state’s geography and controlled climatic patterns. <\/p>\n
The Spaniards were not even the first to find this amazing and often terrifying area. The first people to settle in what is now California were daring explorers from Asia who crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska when the weather was warmer, and a land bridge connected the two countries. These people and their offspring eventually colonized the Americas, settling in different regions to establish the many distinct countries and tribes that the first European explorers to the Americas referred to collectively as “Indians.” The first inhabitants of California were nomads who followed the migration patterns of huge animals. In addition, people ate more fish, smaller animals, and vegetables as the environment changed. Over time, they began to form communities. The population was vast and healthy because of the plentiful food supply, mild weather, and lack of conflicts. The native population of California was probably about 300,000 when Europeans first arrived, making up around 13% of the total indigenous population of North America.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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