SECTION B:<\/p>\n
Respond to ALL parts .Please number all responses accurately (e.g., 4a and 4b).<\/p>\n
As noted in the instructions, your interpretation must be in APA style.<\/p>\n
A researcher was interested in assessing the effect of type of learning on university students\u2019 academic self-efficacy. As such, he recruited 150 students and randomly divided them into three<\/p>\n
(3) groups of 50. Over a period of four (4) weeks, students in the first condition experienced face-to-face learning, those in the second condition participated in fully online learning, and students in the third condition underwent blended learning (with a mix of face-to-face and online classes).<\/p>\n
After the four (4) weeks, all students completed a 40-item, 5-point Likert scale measuring academic self-efficacy, which was adapted from Gafoor and Ashraf (2007). The scale was computed to create a composite variable, with higher numbers on the scale meaning greater academic self-efficacy among the students. The researcher then entered the data into SPSS.<\/p>\n
Firstly, the researcher compared face-to-face and blended learning. He hypothesized that university students who participated in face-to-face learning would have higher academic self-efficacy than those who experienced blended learning. He therefore conducted an appropriate statistical analysis to test his hypothesis. Based on the SPSS tables shown<\/p>\n
below, fully interpret the researcher\u2019s results in APA style to determine if his first hypothesis was supported. In your response, be sure to include whether the assumption of<\/p>\n
homogeneity of variance was met.<\/p>\n
(5 marks)<\/p>\n
Type of Learning<\/p>\n
N<\/p>\n
Mean<\/p>\n
Std. Deviation<\/p>\n
Std. Error Mean<\/p>\n
Academic Self-Efficacy<\/p>\n
Face-To-Face<\/p>\n
50<\/p>\n
125.94<\/p>\n
32.597<\/p>\n
4.610<\/p>\n
Blended<\/p>\n
50<\/p>\n
127.96<\/p>\n
32.027<\/p>\n
4.529<\/p>\n
Levene’s Test<\/p>\n
for Equality of<\/p>\n
Variances<\/p>\n
t-test for Equality of Means<\/p>\n
95% Confidence<\/p>\n
Interval of the<\/p>\n
Sig. (2-<\/p>\n
Mean<\/p>\n
Std. Error<\/p>\n
Difference<\/p>\n
F<\/p>\n
Sig.<\/p>\n
t<\/p>\n
df<\/p>\n
tailed)<\/p>\n
Difference<\/p>\n
Difference<\/p>\n
Lower<\/p>\n
Upper<\/p>\n
Academic<\/p>\n
Equal<\/p>\n
.026<\/p>\n
.871<\/p>\n
-.313<\/p>\n
98<\/p>\n
.755<\/p>\n
-2.020<\/p>\n
6.463<\/p>\n
-14.845<\/p>\n
10.805<\/p>\n
Self-<\/p>\n
variances<\/p>\n
Efficacy<\/p>\n
assumed<\/p>\n
Equal<\/p>\n
-.313<\/p>\n
97.969<\/p>\n
.755<\/p>\n
-2.020<\/p>\n
6.463<\/p>\n
-14.845<\/p>\n
10.805<\/p>\n
variances<\/p>\n
not assumed<\/p>\n
QUESTION 4 (B) IS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE<\/p>\n
Then, the researcher compared all three types of learning. His second hypothesis was that face-to-face and blended learning would lead to higher academic self-efficacy among<\/p>\n
university students when compared to fully online learning. The researcher thus conducted an appropriate statistical test in SPSS. Use his SPSS tables below to fully interpret the<\/p>\n
results in APA style and determine whether his second hypothesis was met.<\/p>\n
(20 marks)<\/p>\n
Academic Self-Efficacy<\/p>\n
N<\/p>\n
95% Confidence Interval for Mean<\/p>\n
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound<\/p>\n
Upper Bound Minimum Maximum<\/p>\n
Face-To-Face<\/p>\n
50<\/p>\n
125.94<\/p>\n
32.597<\/p>\n
4.610<\/p>\n
116.68<\/p>\n
135.20<\/p>\n
74<\/p>\n
193<\/p>\n
Online<\/p>\n
50<\/p>\n
67.74<\/p>\n
20.717<\/p>\n
2.930<\/p>\n
61.85<\/p>\n
73.63<\/p>\n
42<\/p>\n
118<\/p>\n
Blended<\/p>\n
50<\/p>\n
127.96<\/p>\n
32.027<\/p>\n
4.529<\/p>\n
118.86<\/p>\n
137.06<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
190<\/p>\n
Total<\/p>\n
150<\/p>\n
107.21<\/p>\n
40.161<\/p>\n
3.279<\/p>\n
100.73<\/p>\n
113.69<\/p>\n
42<\/p>\n
193<\/p>\n
Academic Self-Efficacy<\/p>\n
Sum of Squares<\/p>\n
df<\/p>\n
Mean Square<\/p>\n
F<\/p>\n
Sig.<\/p>\n
Between Groups<\/p>\n
116962.813<\/p>\n
2<\/p>\n
58481.407<\/p>\n
69.691<\/p>\n
.000<\/p>\n
Within Groups<\/p>\n
123356.360<\/p>\n
147<\/p>\n
839.159<\/p>\n
Total<\/p>\n
240319.173<\/p>\n
149<\/p>\n
Dependent Variable: Academic Self-Efficacy Bonferroni<\/p>\n
(I) Type of Learning (J) Type of Learning Mean Difference (I-J)<\/p>\n
Std. Error<\/p>\n
Sig.<\/p>\n
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound<\/p>\n
Face-To-Face<\/p>\n
Online<\/p>\n
58.200*<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
.000<\/p>\n
44.17<\/p>\n
72.23<\/p>\n
Blended<\/p>\n
-2.020<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
1.000<\/p>\n
-16.05<\/p>\n
12.01<\/p>\n
Online<\/p>\n
Face-To-Face<\/p>\n
-58.200*<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
.000<\/p>\n
-72.23<\/p>\n
-44.17<\/p>\n
Blended<\/p>\n
-60.220*<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
.000<\/p>\n
-74.25<\/p>\n
-46.19<\/p>\n
Blended<\/p>\n
Face-To-Face<\/p>\n
2.020<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
1.000<\/p>\n
-12.01<\/p>\n
16.05<\/p>\n
Online<\/p>\n
60.220*<\/p>\n
5.794<\/p>\n
.000<\/p>\n
46.19<\/p>\n
74.25<\/p>\n
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SECTION B: Respond to ALL parts .Please number all responses accurately (e.g., 4a and 4b). As noted in the instructions, your interpretation must be in APA style. A researcher was interested in assessing the effect of type of learning on university students\u2019 academic self-efficacy. As such, he recruited 150 students and randomly divided them into […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-78173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-paper-writing","tag-writing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78173"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78173\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}