Criminal Justice System<\/p>\n
Student\u2019s Name<\/p>\n
Institutional Affiliation<\/p>\n
Date<\/p>\n
An efficient criminal justice system is an indispensable part of the rule of law, as it works to provide reparations for victims and reduce crime. In particular, a criminal justice system’s procedural apparatus that upholds the rule of law must be impartial, fair, and respectful of both the victims’ and the accused’ human rights.<\/p>\n
Denmark\u2019s Criminal Justice System<\/p>\n
The Danish criminal justice system is one of the best systems in the world as it takes a realistic path when handling offenders. It is conscious of what penitentiaries can and cannot perform. Social readjustment and incarceration are perceived as contradictory. Despite the Danish system being humane in handling offenders, specific vulnerabilities exist in the execution of social control, such as the utilization of mental hospitals for those regarded as common status offenders (Holmberg 2021). In addition, the prison system in the Netherlands is not without worry, especially in closed facilities, where prisoners lament about discipline procedures, mandatory work, and low wages. Lenient and humane imprisonment is sought out primarily as a moral rather than a realistic policy, considering it cannot be proved to reduce the crime rate or recidivism. In courts, the sentence to be offered might be influenced by confessions in a mitigating direction. What also stands out is the Administration of Justice Act does not permit guilty pleadings where the accused is given a chance to confess to a more inferior crime. There is also little information on how the Dutch resolve majority of criminal cases.<\/p>\n
Italian Criminal Justice System <\/p>\n
In Italy, there is no federal system of justice nor a federal government. Its criminal law is mainly an adversarial system. The penal code and many other statutes contain all the criminal laws. The Italian Republic constitution states that all laws have to be gazetted in the Official Gazette of the State, Gazzetta Ufficiale Dello Stato (Nelken 2018). These mandatory written statutes are effective everywhere in the country. In addition, these statutes do not collide with the Italian Constitution. Italy’s criminal justice system has different parts that make up a state system that works all over the national region through Districts and other lesser territorial authorities. The criminal justice system’s administrative functions fall under the control of the Minister of Justice (Ministro di Grazia e Giustizia).<\/p>\n
Italy’s criminal justice system can be characterized as being adversarial in nature. It also lacks an informal justice system. Written laws make up The Italian legal system. Penal Law determines what particular act is criminal and what particular maximum and minimum penalties are provided. The basic principles of no crime without a law and no punishment without a law are stated in the constitution and the Penal Code.<\/p>\n
Canadian Criminal Justice System <\/p>\n
Canada’s criminal justice system is devised to guarantee the safety of the public by protecting society from those who break the law. It does this by asserting the unacceptable behaviors and describing the severity and nature of the punishment for a specific offence. Penalties may include imprisonment or community service, probation, restitution to the victim, or a fine. Of course, for this system to operate and always be equitable and fair, it must have a robust legislative framework. In alliance with other legislation pieces, the Criminal Code, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, and the Youth Criminal Justice Act, presents the grounds upon which the criminal justice system is based (Gill & Aspinall 2020). Impartial justice is made possible by the Criminal Code and other legislation. This legislative framework clearly describes responsibilities for individuals in the justice system. At the federal level, legal proceedings, federal legislations, judges and the Supreme Court fall under the duty of Justice Canada. Canada Border Services Agency, Canadian Security Intelligence Services, National Parole Board, Correctional Service of Canada, and The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) fall under Public Safety’s responsibility. <\/p>\n
Spain\u2019s Criminal Justice System <\/p>\n
The criminal justice system of Spain, which is based on Roman law, stretches customary procedural protection to indicted people. The 1978 Constitution, article 17, forbids arbitrary imprisonment and arrest. It also states that preventive detention must have a maximum period (set by law at seventy-two hours) and that the rights of an arrested person be informed to them, including the right to be available at the trial, the right to an answer for the reason of the arrest and the right to an attorney. Apart from specific military crimes during war, the Constitution prohibits the death penalty. In 1982, under the Socialist government, laws were enacted providing for a restricted habeas corpus right for defendants to appeal against mistreatment or illegal detention (Feest & Murayama 2018). Suspects incapable of affording counsel were guaranteed free legal assistance. An office of Public Defender was established that had the jurisdiction to look into citizens’ complaints and open investigations. Trial by jury, which Franco had abolished, was part of the Socialist electoral program. Still, its inception was hampered by dissents with the judiciary regarding the precise function of the jury.<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
Feest, J., & Murayama, M. (2018). Protecting the Innocent Through Criminal Justice: A Case Study from Spain, Virtually Compared to Germany and Japan. In Contrasting Criminal Justice (pp. 49-76). Routledge.<\/p>\n
Gill, C., & Aspinall, M. (2020). Understanding coercive control in the context of intimate partner violence in Canada: How to address the issue through the criminal justice system? Submitted to the Office of the Federal Ombudsman for Victims of Crime, Department of Justice Canada. (accessed December 2, 2020).<\/p>\n
Holmberg, L., Johansen, L. V., Asmussen, I. H., Birkmose, S. M., & Adrian, L. (2021). Victims\u2019 rights: serving victims or the criminal justice system? An empirical study on victims of violent crime and their experiences with the Danish police. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 45(1), 89-104.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kySVVf7s4AU&t=3s<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pvF4-GTaELI<\/p>\n
Nelken, D. (2018). Telling difference: of crime and criminal justice in Italy. In Contrasting criminal justice (pp. 233-264). Routledge.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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