{"id":92459,"date":"2022-02-02T20:58:21","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T20:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/?p=92459"},"modified":"2022-02-02T20:58:21","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T20:58:21","slug":"introduction-to-earth-science-earthquakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/2022\/02\/02\/introduction-to-earth-science-earthquakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Earth Science Earthquakes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong>: earthquakes shake our planet every day. Often, the quakes cause little damage and no loss of life; but that is not always the situation. Understanding what is going on can make an earthquake a little less threatening. Also, today, we can construct homes that are likely to survive a moderate quake. Like other exercises, this one has two main parts.<\/p>\n

I. Place your answers on lines along the left margin.<\/p>\n

A. Read the following are true or false. Place a T or F on the line.<\/p>\n

_____ 1. Most earthquake deaths occur because buildings collapse or tsunamis flood<\/p>\n

an area.<\/p>\n

_____ 2. Plate movements produce all earthquakes.<\/p>\n

_____ 3. Most faults occur along plate boundaries.<\/p>\n

_____ 4. Faults are classified according to the relative movements of rocks on either<\/p>\n

side of the fault plane.<\/p>\n

_____ 5. Repeated movements on a fault or series of faults has little effect on the<\/p>\n

land.<\/p>\n

_____ 6. Each type of plate boundary is characterized by a specific type of fault.<\/p>\n

_____ 7. The forces involved in plate tectonics are equally spread along the entire<\/p>\n

length of a fault.<\/p>\n

_____ 8. Small fault movements can produce large earthquakes.<\/p>\n

_____ 9. All earthquakes are caused by motions on faults.<\/p>\n

_____ 10. A megathrust<\/em> is a long fault that is hundreds or thousands of kilometers<\/p>\n

long. Movement along such a fault may destroy large cities.<\/p>\n

_____ 11. Megathrust earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone occur frequently.<\/p>\n

_____ 12. Prior to a fault moving, rocks adjacent to the fault are never deformed.<\/p>\n

_____ 13. Since the Jones family bought a home in what is known as a seismic gap,<\/p>\n

they do not need to ever expect a quake.<\/p>\n

_____ 14. In the U. S., only the west coast is likely to experience earthquakes.<\/p>\n

_____ 15. Seismic waves move away from the earthquake\u2019s focus.<\/p>\n

_____ 16. Body earthquake waves cause most building destruction.<\/p>\n

_____ 17. P waves move faster than S waves.<\/p>\n

_____ 18. S waves might be thought of as shake waves and P waves are like push<\/p>\n

waves.<\/p>\n

_____ 19. P waves cannot pass through liquids.<\/p>\n

_____ 20. Data from one seismograph station is enough to determine where a quake<\/p>\n

occurred.<\/p>\n

_____ 21. Animals seem to sense when an earthquake is likely to occur.<\/p>\n

_____ 22. Earthquake magnitude is measured on a logarithmic scale in which each<\/p>\n

division represents a 10-fold increase in the ground motion.<\/p>\n

_____ 23. The longer the fault rupture, the smaller the earthquake.<\/p>\n

_____ 24. The Modified Mercalli scale is based on the amount of damage, but the<\/p>\n

amount of damage depends on factors other than the earthquake itself.<\/p>\n

B. Select the word that best completes the following statements from helpful<\/p>\n

words. You may use these words as often as needed.<\/p>\n

Helpful Words:<\/strong> aftershocks, Wadati-Benihoff, body, epicenter, faults, focus, induced, landslides, liquefaction, magma, magnitudes, plane, scarp, seismographs, strike, surface, ten, trenches, triangulation, tsunamis.<\/p>\n

_____________ 1. In the __________ zone, earthquakes define the descending plate<\/p>\n

as it moves deeper into the planet.<\/p>\n

_____________ 2. _______ are zones of weakness in Earth\u2019s crust.<\/p>\n

_____________ 3. _______ earthquakes are caused when human activities activate<\/p>\n

old faults.<\/p>\n

_____________ 4. _______ are instruments that record seismic waves.<\/p>\n

_____________ 5. Earthquakes may cause _________, huge, dangerous waves<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

_____________ 6. _______ are fractures in the ground along which movement has<\/p>\n

occurred.<\/p>\n

_____________ 7. The location on a fault where the break begins (= the earthquake<\/p>\n

source) is called the ______.<\/p>\n

_____________ 8. The _______ is the geographic location on Earth\u2019s surface directly<\/p>\n

above the earthquake focus.<\/p>\n

_____________ 9. The fault _____ is the up-thrown side of the fault.<\/p>\n

_____________10. The fault _______ is the surface along which the slip or movement<\/p>\n

occurs during an earthquake.<\/p>\n

_____________11. The _______ of the fault is the trace of the fault on a horizontal<\/p>\n

plane.<\/p>\n

_____________12. Two types of earthquake waves are _____ waves and surface<\/p>\n

waves.<\/p>\n

_____________13. _________ waves include P and S waves.<\/p>\n

_____________14. _________ waves include Rayleigh waves and Love waves.<\/p>\n

_____________15. The site where an earthquake occurs is located by a process called<\/p>\n

________.<\/p>\n

_____________16. The shaking and energy released from different earthquakes can<\/p>\n

be compared by using earthquake ______.<\/p>\n

_____________17. Earthquake magnitude is measured on a logarithmic scale so each<\/p>\n

division represents a _____ fold increase in ground motion.<\/p>\n

_____________18. ___________ are quakes that occur on the same or nearby faults<\/p>\n

after the main shock.<\/p>\n

_____________19. ________ may occur following an earthquake when soil, rocks, and<\/p>\n

materials forming the slope is activated by the shaking.<\/p>\n

_____________20. _________ occurs when shaking of the ground causes compaction<\/p>\n

of the sediment forcing water to the surface.<\/p>\n

_____________21. A ________ is a series of large waves created by an earthquake, meteor impact, or massive landslide that enters a body of water.<\/p>\n

II. Answer the following as indicated.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Name the designated sites. Helpful words<\/strong>: Angle of dip, epicenter, fault, focus, scarp, strike.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1<\/p>\n

    2<\/p>\n

    6<\/p>\n

    5<\/p>\n

    4<\/p>\n

    3<\/p>\n

    B. Two earthquakes of the same magnitude occurred in two different areas<\/p>\n

    with the same number of people. One quake damaged most of the<\/p>\n

    buildings and killed many people. The other quake damaged few<\/p>\n

    buildings and killed no one. List six factors that could account for the<\/p>\n

    difference.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    2. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    3. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    4. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    5. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    6. ____________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    C. Explain how earthquake waves helped scientists understand Earth\u2019s layers and<\/p>\n

    the difference between the layers.<\/p>\n

    D. Explain how researchers locate the epicenter of an earthquake.<\/p>\n

    E. Go to https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/map\/<\/a> and examine the map.<\/p>\n

    Which country has the most earthquakes?<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction: earthquakes shake our planet every day. Often, the quakes cause little damage and no loss of life; but that is not always the situation. Understanding what is going on can make an earthquake a little less threatening. Also, today, we can construct homes that are likely to survive a moderate quake. Like other exercises, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-paper-writing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92460,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92459\/revisions\/92460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}