Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA<\/p>\n
1<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
SCHIZOPHRENIA<\/p>\n
Schizophrenia
FirstName LastName
University title<\/p>\n
Annotation 1<\/p>\n
Belayneh,\u00a0Z., Abebaw,\u00a0D., Amare,\u00a0T., Haile,\u00a0K., & Abebe,\u00a0Z. (2019). Perception regarding the causes of schizophrenia and associated factors among Feresbet district residents: A community-based study.\u00a0BMC Public Health,\u00a019(1). doi:10.1186\/s12889-019-6678-4<\/p>\n
The study by Belayneh, Abebaw, Amare, Haile, and Abebe (2019) examined perceived schizophrenia causes and influencing factors among the residents of the Feresbet district in northern Ethiopia. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study enhanced by a multistage approach to sampling. Perceived schizophrenia causes were assessed using A causal model questionnaire for schizophrenia administered to 964 participants. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. The identification of factors fostering perceptions on causes of schizophrenia was made by computing the Bi-variable and the multivariable logistic regression with a P-value of < 0.05 and CI of 95. This study indicated traditional perception of schizophrenia causes among nearly 73.3 percent of the study participants. The multivariate analysis revealed the factors associated with the traditional perceptions include lack of formal education, female sex, extended family system, unemployment, and age of 25 years or above. Understanding the perceived factors causing schizophrenia is critical to foster necessary actions towards promoting an accurate awareness of the disease. The results focus the attention of the awareness-creating process on the uneducated, those in extended family setup, older aged, females, and the unemployed towards achieving an informed community.<\/p>\n
Belayneh, Abebaw, Amare, Haile, and Abebe\u2019s (2019) study is highly relevant since it contributes new knowledge towards understanding the existing gaps in awareness of causes of schizophrenia and how the gaps can be overcome. The researchers\u2019 choice of method and approach to sampling effectively ensured the validity, reliability, and generalizability of findings. The multistage sampling effectively ensured the adequacy and representativeness of the sample population. Using a statistical approach to data analysis also fostered a high sense of accuracy critical to optimizing the validity and reliability attributes of the findings.<\/p>\n
Annotation 2<\/p>\n
Rezayat, F., Mohammadi, E., Fallahi-khoshknab, M., & Sharifi, V. (2018). Experience and the meaning of stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families: A qualitative study. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 16(1), 62-70. doi:10.1111\/jjns.12212<\/p>\n
Mohammadi, Fallahi-khoshknab, and Sharifi (2018) explored the extent of stigmatizing experiences among schizophrenia patients and their families. Rezayat, Mohammadi, Fallahi-khoshknab, and Sharifi (2018) conducted a qualitative study using content analysis in a psychiatric facility in Tehran, Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Using a purposeful sampling approach, the researchers selected a sample population of 16 schizophrenic patients together with their families. Data was collected using unstructured interviews and inductive content analysis used for its analysis. Rezayat, Mohammadi, Fallahi-khoshknab, and Sharifi (2018) found out that the experiences of stigma by patients with schizophrenia and their families can be explained through two categories of \u201cbeing socially rejected\u201d and that of \u201cbeing oppressed by others.\u201d Social rejection involves the unwillingness of others to communicate, initiate and continue cohabiting with schizophrenic patients and their families due to fear. Oppression by others encompasses aggressive behavior towards this population, leading to infringement of their rights, humiliation, and ridicule due to biased judgment. The results foster an awareness of the high extent of stigmatization advanced to the study population. Also revealed are the negative consequences of stigmatizing experiences to schizophrenic patients and their families. These findings are of critical relevance in focusing initiatives aimed at protecting schizophrenic patients and their families. Notably, the study findings set the stage for further research on strategies that could help overcome the stigmatization of schizophrenic patients and their families towards optimizing the quality of their life.<\/p>\n
The choice of a qualitative approach with reliance on unstructured interviews effectively enabled the researchers to collect adequate data for analysis. Using a purposeful sampling approach meant that the researchers were better placed to make the most from the sample population towards arriving at highly valuable and valid outcomes. Regardless, the researchers\u2019 reliance on a limited sample population deprived the study of the generalizability attribute.<\/p>\n
Annotation 3<\/p>\n
Cai,\u00a0L., & Huang,\u00a0J. (2018). Schizophrenia and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis study.\u00a0Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,\u00a014, 2047-2055. doi:10.2147\/ndt.s172933<\/p>\n
This study emanated from inconsistencies in prior studies on the relationship between schizophrenia and the risk of dementia. The aim of the study by Cai and Huang (2018) was to estimate the connection between schizophrenia and the incidence of dementia. The researchers conducted quantitative research using the meta-analysis approach. They gathered relevant literature published on or after 23rd December 2017 from Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases. A confidence level of 95% was adopted as the relative risk in the relationship between the two study variables. The researchers then calculated the random-effect model using the pooled RRs. A total of six studies included in this study provided dementia cases amounting to 206,694 and participants amounting to 5,063,316. The result of this study points to a positive correlation between schizophrenia and the risk of dementia. These findings are highly relevant in fostering an accurate understanding of the correlation between schizophrenia and the risk of developing dementia. Individuals with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing dementia than those without. These results also serve as an essential reference point for future researchers on the two study variables. Ideally, future researchers should explore the possibility of modifying schizophrenia as a risk factor for the development of dementia. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Cai and Huang\u2019s (2018) study is highly relevant as it focuses on promoting the quality of human health. By unlocking the link between schizophrenia and the risk of developing dementia, the researchers contributed to the body of research concerned with mitigating mental disorders. The researchers\u2019 choice of a meta-analysis approach ensured reliance on peer-reviewed data, therefore, overcoming bias and optimizing the validity and reliability of their findings. Besides, while only six studies were used in this study, they provided an adequate number of participants (5,063,316) and dementia cases (206,694), thus promoting the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the findings.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Annotation 4<\/p>\n
Habtewold, T. D., Rodijk, L. H., Liemburg, E. J., Sidorenkov, G., Boezen, H. M., Bruggeman, R., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2020). A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-00919-x <\/p>\n
Habtewold et al.’s (2020) study aimed to enhance awareness of the symptoms and cognitive deficit resulting from schizophrenia. The study hypothesized that big data could be used to improve the treatment of symptoms and improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. The study embraced a systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies completed in the field previously. Of all schizophrenic patients, there were patients with low, mixed, and high psychotic symptoms. The classification of the patients’ symptoms was also done according to genetic, clinical, and sociodemographic factors. The study concluded that there is heterogeneity in patients’ symptoms and cognitive deficits. As per the study, clusters, trajectories, and predictors of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits are essential considerations that can improve treatment outcomes in personalized treatment of the cognitive condition.<\/p>\n
Although the study is recent, the researchers collected most of its sources from past research works with some as old as 2008. Although not much has changed in the study concerning schizophrenia, the DSM-V diagnostic criteria are newer than some of the sources used in the systematic review. The researchers also point out methodological concerns in some of the literature sources used. However, the study can be trusted due to several factors, including the ethical approach embraced. The researcher did not suggest any ethical conflicts of interest in their research which alludes to a high validity score. All the researchers are qualified medical fields experts from the University of Groningen. The source is also scholarly and peer-reviewed. It will add information on the spread of symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients and its importance in personalized treatment and education.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Annotation 5<\/p>\n
Huang, W.-Y., Chen, S.-P., Pakpour, A. H., & Lin, C.-Y. (2018). The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem for Self-Stigma on Quality of Life for People with Schizophrenia: A Retrospectively Longitudinal Study. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/prp.2017.18<\/p>\n
Huang, Chen, Pakpour, & Lin (2018) aimed at enhancing the understanding of the association between self-stigma (shame that an individual puts on self) and the subjective quality of life (SQL), which is a standard health outcome measure in people with Schizophrenia. The study hypothesized an association between self-esteem and emotional quality of life in patients with Schizophrenia. The seven-year longitudinal studies embraced healthcare data as a secondary source and questionaries as primary data sources. The study reported an association between self-stigma and low self-esteem with reduced subjective quality of life. The research recommended that self-esteem improvement and self-stigma reduction treatment options as the best approaches in working towards better SQoL outcomes in schizophrenia patients. However, the study suggests that the treatment should be subjective to self-stigma or self-esteem. They also recommend that therapy focuses on social and health well-being rather than on the disability’s medical model that emphasizes symptoms and medication.<\/p>\n
The article is recent as it was only published in 2018, and most of its research was completed within a seven-year scope before 2013. The study is also ethical and obtained its ethical human subjects study approval from IRB #15-011. The authors are from the nursing and occupational therapy department at the University of Alberta, making them reliable sources. Some potential improvements if it had a larger sample size for better control diverse interventions in the study. The study, for instance, could not control the day-care centers-based interventions and therapies. The study will add information on the current situation of self-Stigma and the quality of life of schizophrenia patients. <\/p>\n
Annotation 6<\/p>\n
Kalinowska, S., Trze\u015bniowska-Druka\u0142a, B., K\u0142oda, K., Safranow, K., Misiak, B., Cyran, A., & Samochowiec, J. (2021). The Association between Lifestyle Choices and Schizophrenia Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(1), 165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10010165 <\/p>\n
Kalinowska et al.\u2019s (2021) study explored the relationship between lifestyle and schizophrenia symptoms assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale. The researchers hypothesized that schizophrenia manifestations including apathy, motivation, and cognitive deficits might hinder the extended development of appropriate dietary and physical health practices. The study embraced an observational method in its study design of 64 female and 42 male participants (106 in total) without any intervention. The findings did not show any relationship between schizophrenia symptoms and high-calorie intakes such as sweets. After the questionnaire, the researchers also noted that schizophrenia patients tended to embrace healthier diets. The study also reported increased physical activity in schizophrenia patients diagnosed with high lipids and blood sugar profiles. The researchers recommended a need to train schizophrenia patients on better physical activity participation and appropriate diet intake. <\/p>\n
The study is recent and was only published in 2021. The study was also longitudinal and collected data on schizophrenia patients for over four years. It is also easy to trust the survey as the authors are qualified professors in psychiatry fields in the Pomeranian Medical University, Poland. The study is also ethically conducted with permission from the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin\u2019s bioethics committee. One weakness in the methodology was using the author’s questionnaires in place of standardized eating habits questionaries. The study also experienced a patient dropout of 3.8%, which is also a strength as the survey has proven to have elements of democratic participation. The study contributes essential knowledge about healthy living and its association with schizophrenia symptoms significant in schizophrenia research. <\/p>\n
Annotation 7<\/p>\n
De Crescenzo, F., Postorino, V., Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., Armando, M., Curatolo, P., & Mazzone, L. (2019). Autistic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00078 <\/p>\n
De Crescenzo et al.\u2019s (2019) study aimed to review and synthesize the existing evidence on autistic symptoms in schizophrenia patients compared to control experiment participants, who include healthy and autistic individuals. The study hypothesizes that there is a high likelihood that schizophrenia patients also show autistic symptoms. The study embraced the research design’s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) metanalysis and systematic review guidelines. The study was qualitative and only included 13 studies, although the number of participants in all the studies combined was 1,959. The study results indicate that SSD patients have higher chances of showing autistic symptoms than the healthy controls but lower chances than ASD patients. The study recommends further investigation into the relationship between SSD and ASD.<\/p>\n
The study is recent and was only published in 2019. It encapsulates information on current research findings in SSD, thereof. However, the study had limitations that included secondary data and a lack of first-hand data. The study’s qualitative nature embraces 13 sources, although this is also a strength as it makes the study look into the reflections in deeper detail. The researchers are all qualified to write on the topic. The authors are from different medical fields, including psychiatry, in various universities like Rome and the University of Oxford. The study could improve if it embraced more sources and included mixed methods to collect primary data on the subject alongside the metanalysis and systematic review. The study is essential in research that aims to improve treatment, diagnosis, and lifestyles for patients who seem to show both ASD and SSD symptoms.<\/p>\n
Annotation 8<\/p>\n
Krynicki, C. R., Upthegrove, R., Deakin, J. F. W., & Barnes, T. R. E. (2018). The relationship between negative symptoms and depression in Schizophrenia: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137(5), 380\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12873 <\/p>\n
Krynicki, Upthegrove, Deakin & Barnes\u2019s (2018) study aimed at updating research on the existing information on the correlation between negative SSD symptoms and depressive features. Although there are differing symptoms for depression and negative SSD symptoms, the study hypothesizes that there are similar symptoms across both conditions, such as Anhedonia, avolition, and anergia. The researchers embraced a systematic review of literature in the study. The study reported heterogeneity of match and mismatch of negative ASD symptoms and depression symptoms. Depression symptoms that match the negative ASD symptoms include pessimism, low mood, suicide ideation, and pessimism. Some symptoms that appeared in both negative and ASD symptoms include expressive deficit negative symptoms such as amotivation, anergia, and amotivation.<\/p>\n
The study is recent as the researchers completed it in 2018. Some of the studies utilized were from as early as 2000, which implies that they could be out of unity with DSM-V diagnostic criteria and recent research in schizophrenia and depression. However, there are parities in these studies. The researchers could improve through the use of more recent sources. It also lacks a primary data source such as an experiment or observation, which can be more trusted than secondary and primary literature sources. The authors can be trusted given their psychology and neuroscience backgrounds and profession as professors in the same fields at the University of Birmingham\u2019s school of psychology. The study can contribute to research that aims at separating depression patients from ASD patients with minimal errors for better treatment or education.<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
Annotation 1<\/p>\n
Belayneh,\u00a0Z., Abebaw,\u00a0D., Amare,\u00a0T., Haile,\u00a0K., & Abebe,\u00a0Z. (2019). Perception regarding the causes of schizophrenia and associated factors among Feresbet district residents: A community-based study.\u00a0BMC Public Health,\u00a019(1). doi:10.1186\/s12889-019-6678-4<\/p>\n
Annotation 2<\/p>\n
Rezayat, F., Mohammadi, E., Fallahi-khoshknab, M., & Sharifi, V. (2018). Experience and the meaning of stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families: A qualitative study. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 16(1), 62-70. doi:10.1111\/jjns.12212<\/p>\n
Annotation 3<\/p>\n
Cai,\u00a0L., & Huang,\u00a0J. (2018). Schizophrenia and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis study.\u00a0Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,\u00a014, 2047-2055. doi:10.2147\/ndt.s172933<\/p>\n
Annotation 4<\/p>\n
Habtewold, T. D., Rodijk, L. H., Liemburg, E. J., Sidorenkov, G., Boezen, H. M., Bruggeman, R., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2020). A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-00919-x <\/p>\n
Annotation 5<\/p>\n
Huang, W.-Y., Chen, S.-P., Pakpour, A. H., & Lin, C.-Y. (2018). The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem for Self-Stigma on Quality of Life for People with Schizophrenia: A Retrospectively Longitudinal Study. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/prp.2017.18<\/p>\n
Annotation 6<\/p>\n
Kalinowska, S., Trze\u015bniowska-Druka\u0142a, B., K\u0142oda, K., Safranow, K., Misiak, B., Cyran, A., & Samochowiec, J. (2021). The Association between Lifestyle Choices and Schizophrenia Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(1), 165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10010165<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Annotation 7<\/p>\n
De Crescenzo, F., Postorino, V., Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., Armando, M., Curatolo, P., & Mazzone, L. (2019). Autistic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00078<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Annotation 8<\/p>\n
Krynicki, C. R., Upthegrove, R., Deakin, J. F. W., & Barnes, T. R. E. (2018). The relationship between negative symptoms and depression in Schizophrenia: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137(5), 380\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12873<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA 1 3 SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia FirstName LastName University title Annotation 1 Belayneh,\u00a0Z., Abebaw,\u00a0D., Amare,\u00a0T., Haile,\u00a0K., & Abebe,\u00a0Z. (2019). Perception regarding the causes of schizophrenia and associated factors among Feresbet district residents: A community-based study.\u00a0BMC Public Health,\u00a019(1). doi:10.1186\/s12889-019-6678-4 The study by Belayneh, Abebaw, Amare, Haile, and Abebe (2019) examined perceived schizophrenia causes and influencing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-93732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-paper-writing","tag-writing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93732"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93732\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papersspot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}