Michael porter developed his five force model based on the competitive environment for each

Michael porter developed his five force model based on the competitive environment for each industry within a nation.   One of the forces is barriers to entry, another is threat of substitutes.    Each provides a potential threat to a firm’s competitive advantage in the market place.    How can value innovation off set each of these threats?  Provide specific examples.
P.S.: Please find the chapter on value innovation attached.Strategic Management, 5th Edition By Frank Rothaermel