Colon
Domenique Colon
Professor Gerrity
ENGL 202A
14 March 2022
Annotated Bibliography
Alhajji, Mohammed, et al. “Cyberbullying, Mental Health, and Violence in Adolescents and Associations With Sex and Race: Data From the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.” Global Pediatric Health, Jan. 2019, doi:10.1177/2333794X19868887.
In this article the author, Mohammed Alhajji, focuses on the adolescents who have dealt with being bullied at some point in their lives. The author conducts a study using data from a 2015 youth risk behavior survey to differentiate the the outcomes of bullying amongst these adolescents as well as examine the association bullying has with mental health issues and possible violent behaviors. However, this study is done a little different because Mohammed more so examines the differences amongst adolescents of different sex and race rather than soley looking at everything as one entire equal outcome. The participants, consisting of 15,495 high school students, had to anonymously answer survey questions regarding cyberbullying, mental health related questions that involve issues such as depression and suicide, and even questions regarding the carrying/use of weapons. The data was then broken down between age, sex, race and ethnicity and then further examined for any possible differentiataions.
I chose to use this article because I do believe that an individuals sex and race does affect the outcomes of cyberbullying or any bullying for that matter. I felt that with the amount of charts and data results, I am able to use them as a way to allow my readers to get a more statistical view and understanding of how cyberbullying affects others differently based on some uncontrollable factors.
Joseph, Elizabeth. “10-year-old Utah Black and autistic student dies by suicide weeks after scathing DOJ report on school district” CNN US. 13, November 2021, https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/12/us/isabella-izzy-tichenor-utah-bullying-claims-suicide/index.html. Accessed 14 March 2022.
This article speaks about a little girl named Isabella Tichenor also known as “Izzy” who had an unfortunate and early death. Izzy was a 10-year-old autistic and black student who had been getting bullied in school. She eventually was pushed to commit suicide from all the distress that was put on her from the consistent harrasment in school. Prior to Izzys sudden death, her parents had already tried to speak on the bullying issue with the teachers and eventually went to the principal, after they noticed there was nothing being done, where they were discreetly brushed off, so therefore nothing was done to help Izzy. Now before her death there were already noticeable patterns of aggressive behavior towards African American and Asian Americans, which they also briefly mention in the article. The family of the young girl, Izzy, wanted nothing more than to seek justice for their little girl and for this tragedy to be a way to make a change and stop the bullying, simply create safe and healthy schools.
I chose this article because this was a recent tragedy and shows how impactful bullying is on children. Suicide has increased in adolescents especially young girls and its a tragic that this is something that has continued to progess over the years. I plan to use this article as a way to emphasize the unhealthy growth in suicides rates amongst adolescents and how they can be bullied for the uncontrollable factors such as an individuals race and their diablities. Bullying can be a deadly weapon.
Flannery, D.J., Todres, J., Bradshaw, C.P. et al. Bullying Prevention: a Summary of the Report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Prev Sci 17, 1044–1053 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0722-8
This article focuses on some of the preventative strategies for bullying. However, before going directly into those strategies the author briefly defines what bullying is as well as discussing the scope of the problem, the social context, the consequences of bullying and lastly the law and policy of bullying. Within these sections the readers are given a more broader and informative understanding of all the things that surround bullying. As the article gets into the preventative strategies for bullying the author mentions how the number of prevention programs increased dramatically in hopes of building awareness of bullying because of its harmful short and long term health effects it’s had on numerous adolescents, that can ultimately follow into their adulthood. As the authors get further into the bullying preventions they begin to inform the readers of different prevention programs and their purposes.
I chose this article because I wanted to enlighten my readers on the different solutions that there are to aid with bullying since this is something that is so extremely crucial in the world, especially amongst adolescents. I plan to use this source in my paper to highlight the preventative strategies that can be taken to minimize the bullying rates. Many people are unaware of these strategies and normally result in irrational behaviors as a way to solve the issue. With having this knowledge individuals are able to handle bullying situations differently and less confrontational.
“Helping Kids Deal With Bullies.” Nemours KidsHealth, https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bullies.html. Accessed 3 March 2022.
Throughout the article it touches on some of the important factors of bullying and how to recognize when it is occurring. The first point that is spoken on is when certain actions are to be considered acts of bullying whether it’s done through physical, verbal or psychological bullying. The second point that is touched on is why kids tend to bully others whether it’s wanting to feel superior or even because of one’s environment. The last point that is spoken about are the possible signs of bullying which range from a child portraying anxious behaviors to the extent of simply avoiding certain situations that can lead to the victim being bullied. After touching on those three points of bullying they move further into the part where parents intervene and they speak on what parents can do if their child is being bullied and the advice they can give their kids without automatically resulting in reciprocating the same aggressive behavior towards the initial bully. Parents simply being able to be supportive and a listening ear to their child is key as well as being able to provide positive preventive strategies for bullying avoidance. The author also briefly mentions how a bullying victim can build their confidence due to the decline in their confidence from the frequent bullying.
I chose this article because although it is meant for parents, I believe that many people can utilize this information for aiding in bullying situations such as helping a sibling or even a friend rather than it solely being used on your own child. I plan to use this source as a way to inform my readers on the importance of recognizing when bullying is being done and their signs and how one can provide the best advice to assist with dealing with bullies.
Hinduja, Sameer, and Justin W. Patchin. “Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide.” Archives of Suicide Research, vol. 14, no. 3, July 2010, pp. 206-21. EBSCOhost https://doi-org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/10.1080/13811118.2010.494133.
This article focuses on bullying, cyberbullying and suicide among adolescents. They acknowledge the connection that bullying and cyberbullying have with each other and how they can lead to individuals having suicidal thoughts and/or to the extent of suicide. The authors also focus on how the thoughts of suicide not only flood the minds of people who are victims of bullying but even those who are the ones doing the bullying. However, bullying is not always something that is done to just anybody, some youths are directly targeted for different reasons such as their appearance, their culture/ethnic background, gender, etc. A case study that was conducted in 2007 that included 1,963 students within the grades of sixth to eighth from 30 different middle schools is shown and it depicts the average amount of students who suffered from suicidal thoughts. They also included two other statistical charts, one focusing on traditional bullying victimization and the other on cyberbullying victimization. With these data charts, the authors were able to accurately inform the readers on how these different forms of bullying differ in the average number of youths who undergo such disgraceful acts but yet relate to one another based on the effects it has on the youths. With these findings, it allowed the authors to shed light on the importance of having programs that help with victims of bullying and suicide prevention programs.
I chose to use this article because many people are not fully aware of the difference between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, as well as not having a full understanding of the negative mental effects that it brings onto those being bullied. Another reason for choosing this article to use is because I liked that the authors acknowledged the significance of having these programs implemented in schools for bullying victims. That is something that can be extremely helpful especially since bullying is something that continues to be an ongoing issue today.
Hymel, Shelley, and Susan M. Swearer. “Four Decades of Research on School Bullying: An Introduction.” American Psychologist 70.4 (2015): 293-9. ProQuest. 23 Feb. 2022
Bullying is something that has been a major concern for decades. This journal article provides an introduction into 40 years worth of research that was gathered on bullying among young kids and adolescents. Throughout the article the authors focus on various issues that pertain to bullying such as what bullying is and how it can be assessed, the widespread use of bullying and victimization, the stability in peer victimization, the numerous forms of bullying, the different kinds of bullies and lastly whether or not one can effectively address bullying. In the article they also focus on the issue that bullying is portrayed on different forms of media such as reality TV and through these aggressive/gruesome video games that are played around the world. Throughout the article there was enough evidence/statistics on years worth of bullying, that allowed the authors to expand the reader’s understanding on the seriousness of bullying and the immense effect it has on individuals.
I chose to use this source in my paper because I believe it holds an important significance due to the many years of evidence it provides. This allows for my readers to see how this has been an ongoing issue and one that continues to progress overtime. I want to be able to use this source as a way to build my readers’ understanding on the complexity and severity of bullying in an educational/general setting.
Pascual-Sanchez, Ana, et al. “Personality Traits and Self-Esteem in Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying.” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 177, 2021, pp. 110809.
This article speaks on the psychological parts of bullying. The authors emphasized on the idea that personality traits (impulsivity, narcissism, callous-unemotional) and self esteem play a role in an individual’s aggressive behavior. They also focus on the differentiation of personality profiles between traditional bullying(face-to-face) and cyberbullying. Throughout the article there are different studies that were conducted. The first study is a comparison between bullies and those who have not been involved in any forms of bullying (traditional and cyber). This study was broken down to age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In the second study the personality traits and self esteem were included to see the difference between traditional bullying, cyberbullying, cyber-traditional bullying and those who are not involved (NI). After conducting this study they were able to conclude which forms of bullying include the psychological factors stated (personality and self-esteem) as well as focusing on the different groups (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic statuses) that could also construct a bully.
I chose this article because many people don’t know the various factors that form an individual to become a bully. I also felt it was enlightening because I, myself, did not fully know the in-depth effects of personality traits playing a major role in how bullies are made. Another reason why I chose this article was because since I am pursuing a teaching career I feel that being knowledgeable of these possible characteristics that can be shown in adolescents, is imperative so that I can do my best to help intervene in a possible bully being formed. I plan to use this article as a way to highlight the importance of creating a safe and comfortable learning environment for students and how bullying is not a beneficiary towards that important goal.
Winding, T.N., Skouenborg, L.A., Mortensen, V.L. et al. Is bullying in adolescence associated with the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood?: A longitudinal cohort study. BMC Psychol 8, 122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00491-5
This article focuses on the possible long term mental health effects that bullying can have on an individual. Within this study they are determining whether an adolescent who is bullied at age 15 or 18 will further experience mental health issues (depression) by the age of 28 or if they were bullied at the ages of 15 and 18 if they are at higher risk of experiencing mental health issues at the age of 28. The reason for this study being conducted is because depression rates are becoming alarmingly high amongst people, especially the younger generation, around the world. In the article they also mention how contracting mental health issues, more so depression, can cause difficulties for an individual to have the ability to contribute to society. At the end of the study they were able to conclude that their beliefs were, in fact, correct and they further explained why and how.
I chose to use this article because many people do not understand the seriousness bullying has on someone’s life/health. Yes, bullying is something that can sometimes be a temporary issue but due to the extent that these bullies take bullying, it contributes to the long term effects that victims could continue to feel as they get older. Some may be affected for the moment and continue their life as normal and some will have that horrible trauma following them for the rest of their lives along with possibly succumbing to health related problems. My goal in utilizing this article is to get my readers to understand that although something can be temporary, it can still be abrupt to one’s way of living.